ECMAScript6入门教程

目录

• 你的浏览器支持ES吗？
• ES 6 新特性汇总（一图全览）
• 1. let、const 和 block 作用域
• 2. 箭头函数（Arrow Functions）
• 3. 函数参数默认值
• 4. Spread / Rest 操作符
• 5. 对象词法扩展
• 6. 二进制和八进制字面量
• 7. 对象和数组解构
• 8. 对象超类
• 9. 模板语法和分隔符
• 10. for...of VS for...in
• 11. Map 和 WeakMap
• 12. Set 和 WeakSet
• 13. 类
• 14. Symbol
• 15. 迭代器（Iterators）
• 16. Generators
• 17. Promises

var a = 2;
{
  let a = 3;
  console.log(a); // 3
}
console.log(a); // 2

{
  const ARR = [5,6];
  ARR.push(7);
  console.log(ARR); // [5,6,7]
  ARR = 10; // TypeError
}

var getPrice = function() {
  return 4.55;
};
 
// Implementation with Arrow Function
var getPrice = () => 4.55;

let arr = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'];
 
let breakfast = arr.map(fruit => {
  return fruit + 's';
});
 
console.log(breakfast); // apples bananas oranges

function Person() {
  this.age = 0;
 
  setInterval(function growUp() {
    // 在非严格模式下，growUp() 函数的 this 指向 window 对象
    this.age++;
  }, 1000);
}
var person = new Person();

function Person() {
  var self = this;
  self.age = 0;
 
  setInterval(function growUp() {
    self.age++;
  }, 1000);
}

function Person(){
  this.age = 0;
 
  setInterval(() => {
    // |this| 指向 person 对象
    this.age++;
  }, 1000);
}
 
var person = new Person();

let getFinalPrice = (price, tax=0.7) => price + price * tax;
getFinalPrice(500); // 850

function foo(x,y,z) {
  console.log(x,y,z);
}
 
let arr = [1,2,3];
foo(...arr); // 1 2 3

function foo(...args) {
  console.log(args);
}
foo( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

function getCar(make, model, value) {
  return {
    // 简写变量
    make,  // 等同于 make: make
    model, // 等同于 model: model
    value, // 等同于 value: value
 
    // 属性可以使用表达式计算值
    ['make' + make]: true,
 
    // 忽略 `function` 关键词简写对象函数
    depreciate() {
      this.value -= 2500;
    }
  };
}
 
let car = getCar('Barret', 'Lee', 40000);
 
// output: {
//     make: 'Barret',
//     model:'Lee',
//     value: 40000,
//     makeBarret: true,
//     depreciate: [Function: depreciate]
// }

let oValue = 0o10;
console.log(oValue); // 8
 
let bValue = 0b10; // 二进制使用 `0b` 或者 `0B`
console.log(bValue); // 2

function foo() {
  return [1,2,3];
}
let arr = foo(); // [1,2,3]
 
let [a, b, c] = foo();
console.log(a, b, c); // 1 2 3
 
function bar() {
  return {
    x: 4,
    y: 5,
    z: 6
  };
}
let {x: x, y: y, z: z} = bar();
console.log(x, y, z); // 4 5 6

var parent = {
  foo() {
    console.log("Hello from the Parent");
  }
}
 
var child = {
  foo() {
    super.foo();
    console.log("Hello from the Child");
  }
}
 
Object.setPrototypeOf(child, parent);
child.foo(); // Hello from the Parent
             // Hello from the Child

let user = 'Barret';
console.log(`Hi ${user}!`); // Hi Barret!

let nicknames = ['di', 'boo', 'punkeye'];
nicknames.size = 3;
for (let nickname of nicknames) {
  console.log(nickname);
}
// 结果: di, boo, punkeye

let nicknames = ['di', 'boo', 'punkeye'];
nicknames.size = 3;
for (let nickname in nicknames) {
  console.log(nickname);
}
Result: 0, 1, 2, size

var myMap = new Map();
 
var keyString = "a string",
    keyObj = {},
    keyFunc = function () {};
 
// 设置值
myMap.set(keyString, "value 与 'a string' 关联");
myMap.set(keyObj, "value 与 keyObj 关联");
myMap.set(keyFunc, "value 与 keyFunc 关联");
 
myMap.size; // 3
 
// 获取值
myMap.get(keyString);    // "value 与 'a string' 关联"
myMap.get(keyObj);       // "value 与 keyObj 关联"
myMap.get(keyFunc);      // "value 与 keyFunc 关联"

let w = new WeakMap();
w.set('a', 'b'); 
// Uncaught TypeError: Invalid value used as weak map key
 
var o1 = {},
    o2 = function(){},
    o3 = window;
 
w.set(o1, 37);
w.set(o2, "azerty");
w.set(o3, undefined);
 
w.get(o3); // undefined, because that is the set value
 
w.has(o1); // true
w.delete(o1);
w.has(o1); // false

let mySet = new Set([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]);
mySet.size; // 3
mySet.has(1); // true
mySet.add('strings');
mySet.add({ a: 1, b:2 });

mySet.forEach((item) => {
  console.log(item);
    // 1
    // 2
    // 3
    // 'strings'
    // Object { a: 1, b: 2 }
});
 
for (let value of mySet) {
  console.log(value);
    // 1
    // 2
    // 3
    // 'strings'
    // Object { a: 1, b: 2 }
}

var ws = new WeakSet();
var obj = {};
var foo = {};
 
ws.add(window);
ws.add(obj);
 
ws.has(window); // true
ws.has(foo);    // false, foo 没有添加成功
 
ws.delete(window); // 从结合中删除 window 对象
ws.has(window);    // false, window 对象已经被删除

class Task {
  constructor() {
    console.log("task instantiated!");
  }
 
  showId() {
    console.log(23);
  }
 
  static loadAll() {
    console.log("Loading all tasks..");
  }
}
 
console.log(typeof Task); // function
let task = new Task(); // "task instantiated!"
task.showId(); // 23
Task.loadAll(); // "Loading all tasks.."

class Car {
  constructor() {
    console.log("Creating a new car");
  }
}
 
class Porsche extends Car {
  constructor() {
    super();
    console.log("Creating Porsche");
  }
}
 
let c = new Porsche();
// Creating a new car
// Creating Porsche

var sym = Symbol( "some optional description" );
console.log(typeof sym); // symbol

var o = {
    val: 10,
    [ Symbol("random") ]: "I'm a symbol",
};
 
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(o)); // val

var arr = [11,12,13];
var itr = arr[Symbol.iterator]();
 
itr.next(); // { value: 11, done: false }
itr.next(); // { value: 12, done: false }
itr.next(); // { value: 13, done: false }
 
itr.next(); // { value: undefined, done: true }

function *infiniteNumbers() {
  var n = 1;
  while (true){
    yield n++;
  }
}
 
var numbers = infiniteNumbers(); // returns an iterable object
 
numbers.next(); // { value: 1, done: false }
numbers.next(); // { value: 2, done: false }
numbers.next(); // { value: 3, done: false }

var p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {  
  if (/* condition */) {
    // fulfilled successfully
    resolve(/* value */);  
  } else {
    // error, rejected
    reject(/* reason */);  
  }
});

p.then((val) => console.log("Promise Resolved", val),
       (err) => console.log("Promise Rejected", err));