Apache服务器可以通过多种方式实现负载均衡,主要方法包括: 1. 使用mod_proxy和mod_proxy_balancer模块 2. 结合第三方工具如Nginx或HAProxy 3. 使用Apache Traffic Server
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
<Proxy "balancer://mycluster">
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.101:8080" route=node1
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.102:8080" route=node2
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.103:8080" route=node3
# 负载均衡算法
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
# 会话粘性配置
ProxySet stickysession=JSESSIONID
</Proxy>
ProxyPass "/app" "balancer://mycluster"
ProxyPassReverse "/app" "balancer://mycluster"
byrequests (默认): 基于请求数量分配
ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
bytraffic: 基于流量分配
ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
bybusyness: 基于当前繁忙程度分配
ProxySet lbmethod=bybusyness
heartbeat: 心跳检测机制
BalancerMember "http://backend1:8080" ping=5s
<Proxy "balancer://mycluster">
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.101:8080" route=node1 retry=60
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.102:8080" route=node2 retry=60
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.103:8080" route=node3 retry=60
# 健康检查间隔
ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests failonstatus=500,503
</Proxy>
基于Cookie的会话保持:
ProxySet stickysession=JSESSIONID
基于源IP的会话保持:
ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
权重分配:
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.101:8080" loadfactor=3
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.102:8080" loadfactor=1
热备份节点:
BalancerMember "http://192.168.1.104:8080" status=+H
动态成员管理:
BalancerManager /balancer-manager
启用Balancer Manager:
<Location "/balancer-manager">
SetHandler balancer-manager
Require host example.com
</Location>
状态页面:
<Location "/server-status">
SetHandler server-status
Require host example.com
</Location>
启用连接池:
ProxySet maxconnections=100
超时设置:
ProxySet timeout=300 retry=60
启用压缩:
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml
限制访问:
<Proxy *>
Require ip 192.168.1.0/24
</Proxy>
SSL终止:
SSLProxyEngine On
SSLProxyVerify none
SSLProxyCheckPeerCN off
SSLProxyCheckPeerName off
503 Service Unavailable:
retry
参数值粘性会话失效:
性能瓶颈:
日志分析:
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e" balancer
CustomLog logs/balancer_log balancer
通过以上配置,您可以构建一个高效、可靠的Apache负载均衡解决方案,根据实际需求调整参数以获得最佳性能。