Nginx作为一款高性能的反向代理服务器,提供了强大的负载均衡功能。以下是Nginx实现负载均衡的主要方法和配置:
在Nginx配置文件中,使用upstream
模块定义后端服务器组:
http {
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
server backend3.example.com;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
}
Nginx支持多种负载均衡算法:
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
}
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com weight=3;
server backend2.example.com weight=2;
}
upstream backend {
ip_hash;
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
}
upstream backend {
least_conn;
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
}
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com backup;
}
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
keepalive 32;
}
http {
upstream backend {
least_conn;
server 192.168.1.100:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight=3;
server 192.168.1.102:8080 backup;
keepalive 32;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}
通过以上配置,Nginx可以有效地将客户端请求分发到多个后端服务器,实现高性能、高可用的负载均衡解决方案。