基于Cookie的访问控制是Nginx中一种常见的访问限制方式,它允许您根据客户端请求中的Cookie值来控制访问权限。以下是实现这种配置的详细方法:
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
if ($http_cookie !~* "auth_token=([^;]+)") {
return 403;
# 或者重定向到登录页面
# return 302 /login;
}
# 允许访问的配置
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
set $auth "0";
if ($http_cookie ~* "auth_token=([^;]+)") {
set $auth "1";
}
if ($auth = "0") {
return 403;
}
# 允许访问的配置
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
map $http_cookie $is_authenticated {
default "0";
"~*auth_token=([a-f0-9]{32})" "1";
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
if ($is_authenticated = "0") {
return 403;
}
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
map $http_cookie $has_access {
default "0";
"~*auth_token=([^;]+).*user_role=admin" "1";
"~*auth_token=([^;]+).*user_role=editor" "1";
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location /admin {
if ($has_access = "0") {
return 403;
}
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
安全性考虑:
性能优化:
错误处理:
测试建议:
bash
curl -v --cookie "auth_token=123" http://example.com
curl -v http://example.com
# 定义Cookie验证映射
map $http_cookie $auth_status {
default "denied";
"~*session_id=([a-zA-Z0-9]{64})" "granted";
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name secure.example.com;
# 登录页面不需要Cookie验证
location = /login {
proxy_pass http://auth_service;
}
# 静态资源允许公开访问
location /static/ {
root /var/www/static;
}
# 需要验证的路径
location / {
# 检查认证状态
if ($auth_status = "denied") {
return 302 https://secure.example.com/login?return_url=$request_uri;
}
# 验证通过后的处理
proxy_set_header X-User-Id $cookie_user_id;
proxy_pass http://backend_service;
# 记录访问日志
access_log /var/log/nginx/secure_access.log combined;
}
# 管理后台需要额外权限
location /admin/ {
if ($auth_status = "denied") {
return 302 https://secure.example.com/login?return_url=$request_uri;
}
# 检查管理员权限Cookie
if ($http_cookie !~* "user_role=admin") {
return 403;
}
proxy_pass http://admin_service;
}
}
通过以上配置,您可以灵活地实现基于Cookie的访问控制,满足不同级别的安全需求。