WebRTC 是一项强大的实时通信技术,但在使用 Nginx 作为 WebRTC 服务器时,需要特别注意安全性。以下是针对 Nginx 的 WebRTC 安全优化建议:
server {
listen 80;
server_name yourdomain.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
location /stun {
# 只允许特定IP或域名访问
allow 192.168.1.0/24;
deny all;
proxy_pass http://stun_server;
}
location /turn {
# 添加认证
auth_basic "Restricted";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
proxy_pass http://turn_server;
}
# 在WebRTC应用中设置以下策略
add_header Permissions-Policy "microphone=(), camera=(), geolocation=()";
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=webrtc_conn:10m;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=webrtc_req:10m rate=10r/s;
server {
location /webrtc {
limit_conn webrtc_conn 10;
limit_req zone=webrtc_req burst=20;
}
}
location /ws {
proxy_pass http://websocket_server;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
# 安全头
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# 限制连接时间
proxy_read_timeout 86400;
}
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin";
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; connect-src 'self' wss://*;";
log_format webrtc '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/webrtc_access.log webrtc;
error_log /var/log/nginx/webrtc_error.log;
通过实施这些安全措施,您可以显著提高基于 Nginx 的 WebRTC 应用的安全性,同时保持其性能和可用性。