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Linux LAMP架构如何搭建

sudo PHP Apache systemctl 534    来源:    2025-05-04

Linux LAMP架构搭建指南

LAMP(Linux + Apache + MySQL/MariaDB + PHP)是一种流行的Web开发环境组合。以下是详细的搭建步骤:

1. 系统准备

首先确保你有一个Linux系统(如Ubuntu、CentOS等),并更新系统:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y  # Ubuntu/Debian
# 或
sudo yum update -y  # CentOS/RHEL

2. 安装Apache Web服务器

Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt install apache2 -y
sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2

CentOS/RHEL:

sudo yum install httpd -y
sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd

验证安装:访问 http://your_server_ip 应该能看到Apache默认页面

3. 安装MySQL/MariaDB数据库

Ubuntu/Debian (MySQL):

sudo apt install mysql-server -y
sudo mysql_secure_installation

CentOS/RHEL (MariaDB):

sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo mysql_secure_installation

4. 安装PHP

Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql -y

CentOS/RHEL:

sudo yum install php php-mysql php-gd php-pear -y

安装常用PHP扩展:

sudo apt install php-curl php-json php-cgi php-xml php-mbstring php-zip -y

5. 配置Apache使用PHP

编辑Apache配置文件:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf  # Ubuntu/Debian
# 或
sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  # CentOS/RHEL

确保index.php在DirectoryIndex中优先:

DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.cgi index.pl index.xhtml index.htm

重启Apache:

sudo systemctl restart apache2  # Ubuntu/Debian
# 或
sudo systemctl restart httpd  # CentOS/RHEL

6. 测试PHP

创建测试文件:

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

添加内容:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

访问 http://your_server_ip/info.php 应该能看到PHP信息页面(测试完成后删除此文件)

7. 可选配置

虚拟主机配置(Ubuntu/Debian):

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf

添加内容:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName your_domain
    ServerAlias www.your_domain
    DocumentRoot /var/www/your_domain
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

启用站点并重载Apache:

sudo a2ensite your_domain.conf
sudo systemctl reload apache2

防火墙配置(如有):

sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'  # Ubuntu/Debian
# 或
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload  # CentOS/RHEL

8. 验证所有组件

  • Apache: http://your_server_ip
  • PHP: http://your_server_ip/info.php
  • MySQL: mysql -u root -p 然后输入密码

至此,LAMP环境已搭建完成,可以开始部署Web应用了!