Linux下LAMP服务进程管理指南

LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP)是常见的Web服务栈，以下是管理这些服务进程的方法：

1. Apache服务管理

使用systemd (现代Linux发行版)

# 启动Apache
sudo systemctl start apache2   # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo systemctl start httpd     # CentOS/RHEL

# 停止Apache
sudo systemctl stop apache2
sudo systemctl stop httpd

# 重启Apache
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo systemctl restart httpd

# 查看状态
sudo systemctl status apache2
sudo systemctl status httpd

# 设置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable apache2
sudo systemctl enable httpd

使用service命令

sudo service apache2 start|stop|restart|status
sudo service httpd start|stop|restart|status

2. MySQL/MariaDB服务管理

systemd方式

# 启动MySQL
sudo systemctl start mysql    # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo systemctl start mariadb  # 一些发行版
sudo systemctl start mysqld   # CentOS/RHEL

# 停止MySQL
sudo systemctl stop mysql

# 重启MySQL
sudo systemctl restart mysql

# 查看状态
sudo systemctl status mysql

# 设置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable mysql

service命令

sudo service mysql start|stop|restart|status

3. PHP-FPM进程管理

systemd方式

# 启动PHP-FPM
sudo systemctl start php-fpm      # CentOS/RHEL
sudo systemctl start php7.4-fpm   # Ubuntu/Debian (版本号可能不同)

# 停止PHP-FPM
sudo systemctl stop php-fpm

# 重启PHP-FPM
sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

# 查看状态
sudo systemctl status php-fpm

# 设置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

4. 进程监控与管理

查看所有LAMP相关进程

ps aux | grep -E 'apache|httpd|mysql|mariadb|php-fpm'

查看服务占用端口

sudo netstat -tulnp | grep -E 'apache|httpd|mysql|php'
# 或使用ss命令
sudo ss -tulnp | grep -E 'apache|httpd|mysql|php'

杀死特定进程

# 先找到进程ID
ps aux | grep process_name
# 然后杀死
sudo kill -9 PID

5. 日志文件位置

• Apache日志:

  • /var/log/apache2/ (Debian/Ubuntu)
  • /var/log/httpd/ (CentOS/RHEL)

• MySQL日志:

  • /var/log/mysql/error.log

• PHP日志:

  • /var/log/php_errors.log
  • 或查看PHP配置文件中的错误日志位置

6. 配置文件位置

• Apache:

  • /etc/apache2/ (Debian/Ubuntu)
  • /etc/httpd/ (CentOS/RHEL)

• MySQL:

  • /etc/mysql/ (Debian/Ubuntu)
  • /etc/my.cnf 或 /etc/mysql/my.cnf (CentOS/RHEL)

• PHP:

  • /etc/php/7.x/ (版本号可能不同)

7. 自动化管理脚本示例

可以创建简单的bash脚本来统一管理LAMP服务：

#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo "Starting LAMP stack..."
        sudo systemctl start apache2
        sudo systemctl start mysql
        sudo systemctl start php7.4-fpm
        ;;
    stop)
        echo "Stopping LAMP stack..."
        sudo systemctl stop apache2
        sudo systemctl stop mysql
        sudo systemctl stop php7.4-fpm
        ;;
    restart)
        echo "Restarting LAMP stack..."
        sudo systemctl restart apache2
        sudo systemctl restart mysql
        sudo systemctl restart php7.4-fpm
        ;;
    status)
        echo "Apache2 status:"
        sudo systemctl status apache2
        echo "MySQL status:"
        sudo systemctl status mysql
        echo "PHP-FPM status:"
        sudo systemctl status php7.4-fpm
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

保存为lampctl，然后赋予执行权限：

chmod +x lampctl

使用方法：

sudo ./lampctl start   # 启动所有服务
sudo ./lampctl stop    # 停止所有服务
sudo ./lampctl status  # 查看状态

希望这些信息能帮助您有效管理LAMP服务进程！