Linux系统中Compton的设置方法

Compton是一个轻量级的X11合成窗口管理器，用于提供窗口透明、阴影、淡入淡出等视觉效果。以下是Compton的详细设置方法：

1. 安装Compton

Ubuntu/Debian系统

sudo apt install compton

Arch Linux

sudo pacman -S compton

Fedora

sudo dnf install compton

2. 基本配置

Compton的配置文件通常位于~/.config/compton.conf或~/.compton.conf。如果不存在，可以创建一个。

创建配置文件

mkdir -p ~/.config
touch ~/.config/compton.conf

示例配置文件内容

# 基本设置
backend = "glx";
paint-on-overlay = true;
glx-no-stencil = true;
glx-no-rebind-pixmap = true;
vsync = "opengl-swc";

# 阴影设置
shadow = true;
no-dock-shadow = true;
no-dnd-shadow = true;
shadow-radius = 7;
shadow-offset-x = -7;
shadow-offset-y = -7;
shadow-opacity = 0.7;
shadow-red = 0.0;
shadow-green = 0.0;
shadow-blue = 0.0;
shadow-exclude = [
    "name = 'Notification'",
    "class_g = 'Conky'",
    "class_g ?= 'Notify-osd'",
    "class_g = 'Cairo-clock'",
    "_GTK_FRAME_EXTENTS@:c"
];

# 淡入淡出效果
fading = true;
fade-delta = 4;
fade-in-step = 0.03;
fade-out-step = 0.03;
fade-exclude = [ ];

# 透明度设置
inactive-opacity = 0.8;
active-opacity = 1.0;
frame-opacity = 0.7;
inactive-opacity-override = false;
opacity-rule = [
    "90:class_g = 'Alacritty'",
    "80:class_g = 'URxvt'"
];

# 其他设置
detect-rounded-corners = true;
detect-client-opacity = true;
refresh-rate = 0;
dbe = false;
unredir-if-possible = true;
focus-exclude = [ "class_g = 'Cairo-clock'" ];
mark-wmwin-focused = true;
mark-ovredir-focused = true;
detect-transient = true;
detect-client-leader = true;
use-ewmh-active-win = true;
invert-color-include = [ ];

# 窗口类型设置
wintypes:
{
  tooltip = { fade = true; shadow = true; opacity = 0.75; focus = true; };
};

3. 启动Compton

手动启动

compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf -b

自动启动

将以下内容添加到你的窗口管理器或桌面环境的启动脚本中：

对于~/.xinitrc:

compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf -b &

对于i3wm (添加到~/.config/i3/config):

exec --no-startup-id compton --config ~/.config/compton.conf -b

4. 常用命令行选项

• -b: 作为后台守护进程运行
• --config <path>: 指定配置文件路径
• --backend <backend>: 指定后端(glx,xrender等)
• --vsync <method>: 设置垂直同步方法
• --shadow-exclude <pattern>: 排除特定窗口的阴影
• --opacity-rule <rule>: 设置特定窗口的透明度规则

5. 高级配置技巧

排除特定应用程序的透明效果

opacity-rule = [
    "0:_NET_WM_STATE@:32a *= '_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN'",
    "95:class_g = 'Firefox' && !_NET_WM_STATE@:32a",
    "0:class_g = 'Dunst'"
];

性能优化设置

# 使用更快的后端
backend = "xrender";

# 禁用某些检测以提升性能
detect-rounded-corners = false;
detect-client-opacity = false;

# 减少重绘
paint-on-overlay = true;
glx-no-stencil = true;
glx-no-rebind-pixmap = true;

多显示器设置

# 为每个显示器单独设置
shadow-exclude = [
    "output = 'HDMI-0'",
    "output = 'DP-1'"
];

6. 故障排除

屏幕撕裂问题

尝试不同的vsync方法：

vsync = "opengl";  # 或 "opengl-swc", "opengl-oml", "xpresent"

性能问题

尝试使用xrender后端：

backend = "xrender";

特定应用程序显示异常

将该应用程序添加到排除列表中：

shadow-exclude = [
    "class_g = 'ProblematicApp'"
];

通过以上配置，你可以根据个人喜好调整Compton的视觉效果，同时平衡性能和美观。