CentOS 8 编译安装 Nginx + MySQL + PHP 指南

以下是在 CentOS 8 系统上从源代码编译安装 Nginx、MySQL 和 PHP 的详细步骤。

准备工作

首先更新系统并安装必要的开发工具：

sudo dnf update -y
sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
sudo dnf install -y wget cmake make gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel \
    libxml2-devel libxslt-devel gd-devel geoip-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed \
    bison ncurses-devel libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel \
    oniguruma-devel libzip-devel

1. 编译安装 Nginx

下载 Nginx 源码

cd /usr/local/src
sudo wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.23.3.tar.gz
sudo tar -zxvf nginx-1.23.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.23.3

配置编译选项

sudo ./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
    --user=nginx \
    --group=nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_v2_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module \
    --with-pcre \
    --with-stream \
    --with-stream_ssl_module

编译并安装

sudo make
sudo make install

创建系统用户和启动脚本

sudo useradd -r nginx
sudo cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/

创建 systemd 服务文件 /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service：

[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动 Nginx 并设置开机启动：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

2. 编译安装 MySQL

下载 MySQL 源码

cd /usr/local/src
sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.33.tar.gz
sudo tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.33.tar.gz
cd mysql-8.0.33

安装依赖

sudo dnf install -y openssl-devel ncurses-devel libtirpc-devel rpcgen

配置编译选项

sudo cmake . \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
    -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
    -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
    -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
    -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
    -DWITH_SSL=system \
    -DWITH_ZLIB=system \
    -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
    -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
    -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
    -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
    -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci

编译并安装

sudo make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

初始化 MySQL

sudo groupadd mysql
sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
sudo bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

记下生成的临时密码（在输出末尾）。

创建 systemd 服务文件 /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service：

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动 MySQL 并设置开机启动：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo systemctl enable mysql

安全设置

sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

3. 编译安装 PHP

下载 PHP 源码

cd /usr/local/src
sudo wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.2.6.tar.gz
sudo tar -zxvf php-8.2.6.tar.gz
cd php-8.2.6

配置编译选项

sudo ./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local/php \
    --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
    --enable-fpm \
    --with-fpm-user=nginx \
    --with-fpm-group=nginx \
    --enable-mbstring \
    --enable-zip \
    --enable-bcmath \
    --enable-pcntl \
    --enable-ftp \
    --enable-exif \
    --enable-calendar \
    --with-openssl \
    --with-zlib \
    --with-curl \
    --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
    --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
    --with-gd \
    --with-jpeg \
    --with-freetype \
    --with-zip \
    --with-libxml \
    --with-xmlrpc \
    --enable-soap \
    --enable-intl \
    --with-pear

编译并安装

sudo make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

配置 PHP

sudo cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

创建 systemd 服务文件 /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service：

[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动 PHP-FPM 并设置开机启动：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

4. 配置 Nginx 支持 PHP

编辑 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，在 server 块中添加：

location ~ \.php$ {
    root           html;
    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}

测试配置并重启 Nginx：

sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

5. 测试安装

创建测试 PHP 文件：

sudo echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/local/nginx/html/info.php

在浏览器中访问 http://your_server_ip/info.php，应该能看到 PHP 信息页面。

环境变量设置

为了方便使用，可以添加环境变量：

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

至此，您已在 CentOS 8 上成功从源代码编译安装了 Nginx、MySQL 和 PHP。