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ES6基础语法之Map和Set对象

let console myMap mySet 48    来源:    2024-10-18

一、Map对象

Map 对象保存键值对。任何值(对象或者原始值) 都可以作为一个键或一个值。

Map中的键值是有序的。

let myMap = new Map();
myMap.set("23","乔丹");
myMap.set("33","皮蓬");
let name = myMap.get("33");
console.log(name);  //皮蓬
let has = myMap.has("24"); //查找是否含有此键
console.log(has); //false

Map的迭代:

let myMap = new Map();
myMap.set("23","乔丹");
myMap.set("33","皮蓬");
myMap.set("99","罗德曼");
//循环键
for (let key of myMap.keys()) {
  console.log(key);
}       
//循环值
for (let value of myMap.values()) {
  console.log(value);
}           
//循环键和值
for (let [key, value] of myMap) {
  console.log(key + " = " + value);
}
//或
for (let [key, value] of myMap.entries()) {
  console.log(key + " = " + value);
}
            
//使用forEach循环
myMap.forEach(function(value,key){
    console.log(key + "=" + value);
},myMap);

Map 与 Array的转换:

//二维数组转换成map对象
let arr = [[23,"乔丹"],[33,"皮蓬"],[99,"罗德曼"]];
let myMap = new Map(arr);
for (let [key, value] of myMap) {
  console.log(key + " = " + value);
}
//map对象转换成二维数组
let outArr = Array.from(myMap);
console.log(outArr);

Map的克隆:

let myMap1 = new Map([[23,"乔丹"],[33,"皮蓬"],[99,"罗德曼"]]);
let myMap2 = new Map(myMap1);
for (let [key, value] of myMap2) {
   console.log(key + " = " + value);
}

Map的合并(合并两个 Map 对象时,如果有重复的键值,则后面的会覆盖前面的)

let myMap1 = new Map([[23,"乔丹"],[33,"皮蓬"],[99,"罗德曼"]]);
let myMap2 = new Map([[23,"詹姆斯"],[24,"科比"],[11,"姚明"]]);
let myMap = new Map([...myMap1,...myMap2]); //合并之后詹姆斯会替换乔丹
for (let [key, value] of myMap) {
    console.log(key + " = " + value);
}

二、Set对象

Set 对象允许你存储任何类型的唯一值,无论是原始值或者是对象引用。

Set 对象存储的值总是唯一的,所以需要判断两个值是否恒等。有几个特殊值需要特殊对待:

(1) +0 与 -0 在存储判断唯一性的时候是恒等的,所以不重复;

(2) undefined 与 undefined 是恒等的,所以不重复;

(3) NaN 与 NaN 是不恒等的,但是在 Set 中只能存一个,不重复。

let mySet = new Set();
mySet.add(1);
mySet.add("hello");  //这里体现了类型的多样性
mySet.add(2);
mySet.add(1); //这里添加不了,这里体现了值的唯一性
console.log(mySet); //{1,"hello",2}
console.log(mySet.has(3)); //false, 是否含有3

以下代码体现了对象之间引用不同不恒等,即使值相同,Set 也能存储

let mySet = new Set();
let o = {a: 1, b: 2}; 
mySet.add(o);
mySet.add({a: 1, b: 2});
console.log(mySet);

Set类型转换:

//Array 转 Set
let arr = ["乔丹","皮蓬","罗德曼"];
let mySet = new Set(arr);
console.log(mySet);

//Set转Array(使用...)
let mySet = new Set();
mySet.add("乔丹");
mySet.add("皮蓬");
mySet.add("罗德曼");
let arr = [...mySet];
console.log(arr);

//字符串转Set(注:Set中toString方法是不能将Set转换成String)
let mySet = new Set("hello");
console.log(mySet);  //h e l o (两个l只出现一次)

Set对象的作用:

//数组去重复
let mySet = new Set([1,2,1,2,3,3,4,5,6,4,7]);
let arr = [...mySet];
console.log(arr); //1,2,3,4,5,6,7

//数组求并集
let a = new Set([1, 2, 3]);
let b = new Set([4, 3, 2]);
let union = new Set([...a, ...b]);
let arr = [...union];
console.log(arr); //1, 2, 3, 4

//数组求交集
let a = new Set([1, 2, 3]);
let b = new Set([4, 3, 2]);
let intersect = new Set([...a].filter(p=>b.has(p)));
let arr = [...intersect];
console.log(arr); //2, 3

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