Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,也可以作为负载均衡器使用。以下是配置Nginx负载均衡的详细步骤:
http {
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
server backend3.example.com;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
}
Nginx支持多种负载均衡算法:
轮询(默认):请求按时间顺序分配到不同的服务器
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
}
加权轮询:根据服务器处理能力分配权重
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com weight=3;
server backend2.example.com weight=2;
}
最少连接:将请求发送到当前连接数最少的服务器
upstream backend {
least_conn;
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
}
IP哈希:基于客户端IP地址分配请求(保持会话)
upstream backend {
ip_hash;
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
}
健康检查:
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
备份服务器:
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
server backup.example.com backup;
}
长连接配置:
upstream backend {
server backend1.example.com;
server backend2.example.com;
keepalive 32;
}
http {
upstream myapp {
least_conn;
server 192.168.1.100:8080 weight=3 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.1.102:8080 backup;
keepalive 64;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myapp;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
}
}
}
检查配置语法:
nginx -t
重载Nginx配置:
nginx -s reload
通过以上配置,Nginx可以有效地将客户端请求分发到多个后端服务器,提高网站的可用性和性能。