Nginx 配置伪静态和客户端适配指南

伪静态配置

伪静态是将动态URL转换为静态URL形式的技术，常用于SEO优化和URL美化。

基本伪静态配置

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}

常见框架伪静态规则

WordPress

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}

rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent;

Laravel

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

ThinkPHP

location / {
    if (!-e $request_filename) {
        rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1 last;
        break;
    }
}

客户端适配配置

根据设备类型重定向

# 检测移动设备
map $http_user_agent $is_mobile {
    default 0;
    ~*(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge\ |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera\ m(ob|in)i|palm(\ os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows\ ce|xda|xiino) 1;
    ~*(1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a\ wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r\ |s\ )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1\ u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp(\ i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-|\ |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac(\ |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt(\ |\/)|klon|kpt\ |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg(\ g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-|\ |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v\ )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v\ )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-|\ )|webc|whit|wi(g\ |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-) 1;
}

# 根据设备类型重定向
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    if ($is_mobile) {
        rewrite ^(.*)$ http://m.example.com$1 redirect;
    }

    # 其他配置...
}

根据浏览器类型适配

# 检测IE浏览器
map $http_user_agent $is_ie {
    default 0;
    "~*MSIE" 1;
    "~*Trident" 1;
}

server {
    # ...

    location / {
        if ($is_ie) {
            add_header X-Browser "Internet Explorer";
            # 针对IE的特殊处理
        }
    }
}

根据屏幕尺寸适配（通过Cookie）

# 设置Cookie检测屏幕尺寸
location /detect-screen {
    add_header Set-Cookie "screen_size=$arg_size;Path=/;Max-Age=86400";
    return 302 /;
}

# 根据Cookie值适配
map $cookie_screen_size $layout {
    default "desktop";
    "small" "mobile";
    "medium" "tablet";
}

server {
    # ...

    location / {
        root /var/www/$layout;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }
}

综合示例：伪静态+移动端适配

http {
    # 移动设备检测
    map $http_user_agent $is_mobile {
        default 0;
        ~*(mobile|android|iphone|ipod|ipad) 1;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        # 根目录设置
        root /var/www/example.com;
        index index.php index.html;

        # 伪静态规则
        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }

        # 根据设备类型选择不同的根目录
        if ($is_mobile) {
            root /var/www/example.com/mobile;
        }

        # PHP处理
        location ~ \.php$ {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        }

        # 静态文件缓存
        location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
            expires 30d;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, no-transform";
        }
    }
}

注意事项

1. 性能考虑：复杂的重写规则会影响性能，尽量简化
2. 测试验证：每次修改后使用 nginx -t 测试配置
3. 缓存问题：客户端适配时注意缓存策略，避免设备切换后仍使用旧缓存
4. SEO考虑：确保不同设备的URL结构对搜索引擎友好
5. 日志监控：监控重写规则的执行情况，及时发现问题

通过以上配置，您可以实现Nginx的伪静态功能和客户端适配，提升网站的用户体验和SEO效果。