Ubuntu环境下编译安装PHP和Nginx指南

准备工作

1. 更新系统并安装基本依赖：

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y build-essential autoconf libtool pkg-config \
    libxml2-dev libssl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libsqlite3-dev \
    libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libonig-dev libzip-dev

编译安装Nginx

1. 下载Nginx源码：

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.25.3.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.25.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.25.3

2. 配置编译选项（可根据需要调整）：

./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_v2_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-threads \
    --with-file-aio

3. 编译并安装：

make
sudo make install

4. 创建系统服务（可选）：

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service

添加以下内容：

[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

5. 启动Nginx：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

编译安装PHP

1. 下载PHP源码（以PHP 8.2为例）：

wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.2.12.tar.gz
tar -zxvf php-8.2.12.tar.gz
cd php-8.2.12

2. 配置编译选项（可根据需要调整）：

./configure \
    --prefix=/usr/local/php \
    --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
    --enable-fpm \
    --with-fpm-user=www-data \
    --with-fpm-group=www-data \
    --enable-mbstring \
    --enable-zip \
    --enable-bcmath \
    --enable-pcntl \
    --enable-ftp \
    --enable-exif \
    --enable-calendar \
    --enable-sockets \
    --enable-mysqlnd \
    --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
    --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
    --with-openssl \
    --with-curl \
    --with-zlib \
    --with-gd \
    --with-jpeg \
    --with-webp \
    --with-freetype \
    --with-gettext \
    --with-xmlrpc \
    --with-pear

3. 编译并安装：

make
sudo make install

4. 配置PHP：

sudo cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
sudo cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

5. 创建系统服务：

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

添加以下内容：

[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/run/php-fpm.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

6. 启动PHP-FPM：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

配置Nginx与PHP协同工作

1. 编辑Nginx配置文件：

sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

2. 在http块中添加或修改server配置：

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
}

3. 测试并重启Nginx：

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

验证安装

1. 创建测试PHP文件：

sudo nano /usr/local/nginx/html/info.php

添加内容：

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

2. 访问 http://your_server_ip/info.php 查看PHP信息页面

可选优化

1. 添加环境变量：

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

2. 安装常用PHP扩展（如Redis、Memcached等）：

sudo apt install -y php-redis php-memcached

这样就完成了在Ubuntu系统上从源码编译安装Nginx和PHP的全过程。