Swagger(现称OpenAPI)是现代API开发的重要工具,在Linux环境中使用时,合理的错误处理机制能显著提升API的可靠性和可维护性。以下是Swagger API在Linux系统中的错误处理方案:
在Swagger/OpenAPI规范中定义标准错误响应格式:
components:
schemas:
ErrorResponse:
type: object
properties:
statusCode:
type: integer
description: HTTP状态码
error:
type: string
description: 错误类型
message:
type: string
description: 人类可读的错误信息
timestamp:
type: string
format: date-time
description: 错误发生时间
path:
type: string
description: 请求路径
在Swagger中定义常见错误响应:
paths:
/api/resource/{id}:
get:
responses:
'200':
description: 成功获取资源
'400':
description: 无效请求
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
'404':
description: 资源未找到
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
'500':
description: 服务器内部错误
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
paths:
/api/files/{filename}:
get:
responses:
'403':
description: 文件权限不足
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
'507':
description: 磁盘空间不足
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
paths:
/api/process:
post:
responses:
'429':
description: 请求过多(可能受系统ulimit限制)
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
'503':
description: 服务不可用(可能由于系统负载过高)
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
在Node.js/Express示例:
// error-handler.js
module.exports = (err, req, res, next) => {
const statusCode = err.statusCode || 500;
res.status(statusCode).json({
statusCode: statusCode,
error: err.name || 'InternalServerError',
message: err.message || 'An unexpected error occurred',
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
path: req.path,
...(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' && { stack: err.stack })
});
};
// linux-error-mapper.js
const mapLinuxError = (error) => {
switch(error.code) {
case 'EACCES':
return { statusCode: 403, name: 'PermissionDenied' };
case 'ENOENT':
return { statusCode: 404, name: 'NotFound' };
case 'ENOSPC':
return { statusCode: 507, name: 'InsufficientStorage' };
default:
return { statusCode: 500, name: 'InternalServerError' };
}
};
在Linux系统中,建议将错误日志记录到系统日志或专用日志文件:
const { exec } = require('child_process');
function logToSyslog(message, level = 'error') {
exec(`logger -t swagger-api -p local0.${level} "${message}"`, (error) => {
if (error) {
console.error('Failed to write to syslog:', error);
}
});
}
在Linux生产环境中:
通过以上方法,您可以在Linux环境中构建健壮的Swagger API错误处理机制,既符合OpenAPI规范,又能充分利用Linux系统的特性。